Electricity is the pillar of contemporary life, facilitating economic growth, healthcare, education, and social justice. In India, the Electricity Act, 2003[1] was intended to reform the power ...

Advertising is no longer just a marketing tool—it has become a powerful force shaping consumer choices, societal values, and corporate reputations. While advertisements are designed to persua...

The consumer protection act safeguards the consumers who buy goods and services against fraud, unfair and restrictive trade practices.The consumer protection bill was introduced in lok sabha on...

Food is one of the basic needs of life. It is the most important aspect of one's lifestyle which affects our living in many ways. The safety and purity of food that we consume daily is a growin...

Drafting the Complaint: The consumer must provide a detailed complaint explaining the issue, the product or service involved, the business’s response, and the relief or compensation sought....

Section 86 of the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (FSSA) empowers the Central Government to direct State Governments in implementing food safety measures, ensuring regulatory consistency ac...

This, case commentary focuses on the Judgement delivered in the case of Ambrish Kumar Shukla vs Ferrous Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd., by the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) ...

Product Liability, an essential component of consumer protection, experienced a significant change with the introduction of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 ("2019 Act") in India. For the firs...

This research will deal with the effects of the lockdowns caused by the COVID-19[1] pandemic in small retail businesses. It has been conducted to further analyse the modern systems approach tow...

Workplace safety in India has traditionally focused on physical hazards, but growing awareness of mental health issues has highlighted the importance of psychological safety. This article exami...

The issue of professional liability has become increasingly significant in today's rapidly evolving legal and consumer landscape, particularly for professionals such as doctors and advocates wh...

In the digital era, social media has revolutionized communication, allowing rapid and global dissemination of information. However, this freedom has led to a rise in social media defamation, wh...

Consumer protection in India has a rich history, with the Consumer Protection Act (CPA) of 1986 serving as a landmark achievement in safeguarding consumer rights. This legislation aimed to prov...

Choosing the best dispute resolution process can have a big impact on a company's operations and financial results. The two main methods for resolving disputes are arbitration and litigation, e...

Corruption and bribery undermine ethical business practices and economic stability globally. This research article explores recent developments in anti-corruption and bribery laws, focusing on ...

The consumer protection Act was enacted with the object of affecting a more equitable balance between the rights of consumers and businesses. This act aims to create a fair and equitable market...

The transition to remote work in India, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has fundamentally altered corporate governance dynamics. This shift has necessitated a re-evaluation of governance ...

Getting finance is one of the most important things to overcome when navigating a startup's early phases. Angel investors and venture capital (VC) play important but complementary roles in this...

Insider trading, which involves persons using non-public information to obtain an edge in securities trading, poses serious threats to market integrity and investor confidence. India has create...

The transition to remote work in India, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has fundamentally altered corporate governance dynamics. This shift has necessitated a re-evaluation of governance ...

Getting finance is one of the most important things to overcome when navigating a startup's early phases. Angel investors and venture capital (VC) play important but complementary roles in this...

This article critically examines the Supreme Court's decision in Sangam Milk Producer Company Ltd. V. Agricultural Market Committee, 2024 LiveLaw (SC) 204 : AIR 2024 SC 1423, a seminal case con...

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a significant reform in India's tax structure, aiming to create a unified tax system across the country. However, with its implementation, there has also bee...

Geographical Indications (GIs) play a crucial role in protecting the intellectual property rights of communities and enhancing the economic value of region-specific products. In India, the lega...

The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, was enacted to safeguard consumer interests against unfair and restrictive trade practices. Section 2(r) defines "unfair trade practice" as any deceptive prac...

The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (CPA) was enacted to provide a mechanism for redressal of consumer grievances in a swift and cost-effective manner. However, the question of whether government...

The Legal Metrology Act, 2009The Legal Metrology Act, of 2009 is an Indian legislation that aims to establish and enforce standards of weights and measures to ensure fair trade, accurate measur...

The Indian Institute of Legal Metrology Rules, 2011, provides the regulatory framework for establishing and functioning the Indian Institute of Legal Metrology (IILM). The Indian Institute of L...

The Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission (CDRC) is a quasi-judicial body in India established under the Consumer Protection Act to address consumer disputes and grievances. It operates at thre...

Goods and services are fundamental to human survival and the enhancement of living standards. They encompass everything from basic necessities such as food, clothing, and shelter to advanced se...

On May 7, the Supreme Court of India issued a warning, stating that social media influencers and celebrities would share equal responsibility and liability if they are discovered endorsing prod...

Labor laws have historically been pivotal in safeguarding the rights and welfare of workers worldwide. As societies evolve and economic landscapes shift, these laws continue to undergo signific...

Medical Negligence is a malpractice wherein medical professionals fail to exercise a duty of care towards the patients and fulfill their professional obligations.[1] The definition of 'Medical ...

This article explores the interpretations adopted by the judiciary towards the term "consumer". A person who is a consumer, in simple terms, is any person who buys goods for consideration. The ...

Therapeutic goods marketing necessitates a higher ethical code than advertising for regular consumer products because consumers rely on them for their well-being. It can be challenging for cons...

Along with the Indian economy welcoming the saga of digital revolution, the market extends to the virtual space as well. The online sales of electronic goods and digital services have registere...

Supreme Court of India delivered a landmark judgement regarding Advocates' liability under Consumer Protection Act 2019 in the case "Bar of Indian Lawyers v. D.K. Gandhi PS National Institute o...

The Delhi liquor scam, a controversy that grabbed headlines, intricately involves the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) and its leader, Arvind Kejriwal, amidst allegations of corruption and maladministrati...

In today's consumer-centric world, advertisements play a pivotal role in shaping our perceptions and influencing our choices. However, amidst the plethora of enticing promotions, there exists a...

In India, the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 serves as a fundamental safeguard for consumer rights in India, it gives right and power to its citizens and provides relevant remedies in case of ...

International trade involves the movement of goods from one country to another, and it is governed by various laws and regulations. One of the essential documents in international trade is the ...

In Ancient era, Education was privilege given to very few in the society. The Guru (Teacher) used to guide his Shishyas (Students) on their path to knowledge and enlightenment. This tradition i...

Historical Background Of ConsumerismConsumer Protection has its deep roots in the rich soil of Indian civilization, which dates back to 3200 B.C. In ancient India, human values were cherished and...

Lamhe ne khata ki thi, sadiyon ne saza paayi An activist judge on the State Consumer Forum of Rajasthan, has single handed 'revolutionized' and 'up graded' the patient treatment in private hos...

The market is a vital element of everyone's life nowadays; we carry out businesses every day. Buyers and sellers must know their rights and responsibilities. This research paper is centred on C...

The task of attracting and keeping customers is like an art that demands a clever combination of knowledge, interaction, and constant enhancement. To begin with, it is essential to have a profo...

The cosmetic business is a thriving economic sector across the world, distinguished by its constant expansion, innovation, and changing customer tastes. This abstract digs into a thorough exami...

Consumer Protection Act 2019 has repealed the earlier 1986 Act in which medical services were read in as service by the Hob'ble Supreme Court in IMA vs V P Shantha, 1995 The Consumer Protect...

What is Deceptive Practices in MLM (Multi-Level Marketing)?Ans: Deceptive practices refer to actions or strategies that are intended to mislead or trick individuals, often for personal gain or to...

As per S.40(1) of the RERA Act, 2016; MahaRERA can issue recovery warrant against errant promoters to seize their assests who fail to compensate the aggrieved allotees. Data from their official...

Deepak Chaudhary vs. DLF New Gurgaon Developers Pvt. Ltd. [2023 SCC Online NCDRC 569] Consumer Case: 335/2018 Court- National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission Decided on: 31.01.2023 F...

An infant needs extreme care and protection since his/her birth. It is the duty of the parents or guardians to provide the infant what it needs for its survival. A very special duty falls on th...

Consumers who are considered kings of the market are being exploited by the producers or companies for their benefit. The producers or companies take undue advantage of consumers by cheating or...

Consumer rights refer to those sets of rights, which are essential for protecting the consumer from the unlawful or malpractices of the retailers, seller, wholesalers, traders, service provider...

Negligence can be defined as the breach of duty caused due to an act or an omission by a person by doing or not doing something which a reasonable man, guided by those considerations which ordi...

"Let's gear our advertising to sell goods but let's recognize also that advertising has a broad social responsibility."-- Leo Burnett Abstract In India, Surrogate Advertisements are...

In a rapidly evolving consumer market, ensuring fair treatment and protection of consumers' rights is of paramount importance. Consumer complaint services have emerged as a powerful tool to saf...

Understanding the importance of Consumer protectionConsumer protection is an essential aspect of any thriving economy, ensuring that individuals are safeguarded against unfair business practices ...

Food Safety And Standards Authority Of India (Fssai)FSSAI full form is Food Safety And Standards Authority Of India established under Food Safety and Standard , 2006 which merges different acts &...

The movement for consumer rights started since the Vedic period with a trader or a service-provider oriented approach where honesty and integrity in business was mandated by law. Even in the In...

'The interest of the consumer has to be kept in the forefront and the prime consideration that an essential commodity ought to be made available to the common man at a fair price must rank in p...

Product Liability law provides the consumer with a legal remedy for any injuries suffered by him from a defective product. It is estimated that millions of people all around the globe are negat...

The process of defending consumers against unethical business activities is known as consumer protection. It describes the actions taken to safeguard customers from dishonest and unethical busi...

Marketers invest in various media platforms to influence consumer behaviour (CB). Advertisement on every media platform has a different composition that engages the consumers in a distinct way....

In today's competing market, companies are facing cutthroat competition to maintain their consumer base and on the other hand to keep their growth steady. But what if it is not the other compan...

As far as the rights of consumers are concerned, the International Organization of Consumers Union (IOCU) in 1983 has specified about the eight rights of a consumer. The Consumer Protection Act...

With the advent of globalisation, the protection and promotion of consumer rights have become an important obligation for governments as markets have become considerably complex. In this artic...

Since the very beginning, the person comes into existence, he/she needs some basic amenities to live a life of a human and not a mere animal life, as said in article 21 of the Indian constituti...

"The interest of the consumer has to be kept in the forefront and the prime consideration that an essential commodity ought to be made available to the common man at a fair price must rank in p...

Consumers are believed to be the most important component of any economic activity; without them, no economy could exist, and in ancient times, consumers were equated to God. However, as time p...

On beginning to dwell into a discussion regarding technological advancements in consumer rights, it is pertinent to understand the basics of consumer rights. When we refer to the word consumer,...

"The interest of the consumer has to be kept in the forefront and the prime consideration that an essential commodity ought to be made available to the common man at a fair price must rank in p...

"Customers don't expect you to be perfect but they expect you to fix things when they go wrong." ...

Demand for food has gone up in developing countries with high population growth. It has stabilized in developed countries. Farm technology has greatly improved in developed countries, while it ...

The potential for sin is far greater than that of the medicinal properties of alcohol. There has been a long battle for nationalizing temperance. However, the social evil of alcohol is deep-roo...

The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 was enacted to promote consumer welfare and protect the rights of the consumers, and in order to accomplish the same, the Consumer Commissions in the National,...

The compulsory printing of Maximum Retail Price (MRP) on all packaged commodities was introduced in 1990 by the Ministry of Civil Supplies, by making an amendment to the Standards of Weights an...

The consumer protection act aims at providing redressal to the consumers when the goods purchased are defective or the services provided are not up to the mark or have some deficiency. The old ...

Advertising is an instrument in the hands of the people who use it. If evil men use advertising for base purposes, then evil can result. If honest men use advertising to sell an honest product ...

Many departments or organizations outsource legal support services from an external law firm or legal support services firm. It is mainly done by experienced paralegals and attorneys. Legal Proce...

The Consumer Protection Act,2019 provides for efficient and effective settlement of consumer disputes while promoting the interest of the consumers. The introduction of online filing of complai...

A Consumer is the backbone of the Indian Economy by purchasing the goods and services provided to them; therefore, it is necessary to protect their interests. It is the right of the consumers t...

The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 (CPA 2019) enacted by the Parliament recently came into force on 20th July 2020 with the newly notified Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020 that wer...

This paper attempts to bring up the present scenario of consumer privacy and protection in India and other parts of the globe. The research reflects the need and importance of consumer protecti...

The statute earlier than the prevailing enactment became the Consumer Protection Act of 1986. The Consumer Protection Act of 2019, the regulation this is in life now, became enacted on twentiet...

Facts The Carbolic Smoke Ball Company (defendant) advertised in the Pall Mall Gazette about their product, smoke ball. In the advertisement, they promised to pay 100 pounds as compensation to ...

FSSAI Evolution Food safety and standards authority of India is an autarchic body entrenched underneath the Ministry of Health and family welfare underneath Indian Government. underneath the ...

In the cutting-edge time, the desire of succeeding a business is expanding day by day. To make progress the most significant factor here is being noticed. Showing an item in an engaging manner ...

In year 1890, Sherman act 1890 was passed after circulated growth of trust in 1880 which prohibited unlawful restriction in trade and attempts to acquire market. This act came into existence be...

History The Essential Commodities Act was brought in 1955 to stop the foodstuffs hoarding and black marketing, at a time when there is low production of food crops and the nation was sufferi...

Prefatory Food, clothing and shelter are fundamental to one’s life but apart from these requirements we use many things in our daily life such as household goods, vehicles, cameras, furnitur...

Consumer Protection act, 2019 is an act which aims to protect the rights of a consumer and for the same purpose it has established authorities, effective administration and awareness forums. Th...

It was with the emergence of the laissez-faire economy that the thought of consumer is king was widely followed and accepted. The twentieth century was marked by the advent of consumerism where...

Basis of development of the term ‘Consumer’Inspite of the plenitude of law, to check the supply of inferior quality of goods, rate of profit incurred by the sellers and industry and to ensure...

General Meaning of Advertisement:Advertisements are a mode of communication between the manufacturers and the consumers. It is an age-old method which is used in every country to generate certain...

10 important factors an E-Commerce entity must know to deal with the consumers in the light of Consumer Protection Act, 2019 & Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020.By Rakhi Banerjee, ...

In the 21st century every country emphasis on the economic development and growth of the nation. For any country to burgeon, the demand side of the economy is must which should be contemplated ...

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus and the consequential lockdown has placed the global economy in a state of mayhem. Reeling under the impact of the pandemic, the food and hospitality industr...

The effects of mental illness are often felt only by those suffering from it. Except for extreme cases, they do not manifest themselves in physical symptoms. This has led to it being deeply sti...

Abuse of a dominant position occurs when a dominant firm in a market, or a dominant group of firms, engages in conduct that is intended to eliminate or discipline a competitor or to deter futur...

The FSSAI has issued guidelines in response to the PIL filed by the Uday Foundation Vs UOI , FSSAI & others Delhi High Court. To provide a balanced and nutritious diet for children in Scho...

History In India, Despite the presence of plethora of laws to check the supply of poor-quality products, check overcharging and pursuing the industry and trade to take care of the consumers mu...

If any person had purchased a product online in India, he or she must have faced a doubtful (WHAT IF) scenario in their minds like: What if the product is fake or is substandard? or worst What...

Customer rarely reads boilerplate or takes it or leaves it contracts that firms offer (example: assignment clause which is generally present at the end of the contract). Firstly, customers do n...

What is Ambush Marketing?Ambush means a surprised attack by a person waiting in a concealed position. Ambush marketing is a marketing strategy where a company ambushes its competitor's marketin...

The Parliament passed the Consumer Protection Bill, 2019 on 06.08.2019 to replace the Consumer Protection Act, 1986. The President of India gave its assent to the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 ...

Basic overview of consumer rights and its protection. Q. The first question is who is a consumer?I (consumer) and you (consumer). A person who buys a good or service for his own personal use and...

Brief Note On RERA And Consumer CourtsThe Delhi High Court has held in a batch of petitions moved by several real estate companies (petitioners) against an order passed by the National Consumer D...

S. 2(7) Consumer means any person who: buys any goods for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includ...

On July 20, 2020, new consumer protection act, 2019 came into effect by replacing the old one i.e. consumer protection act, 1986.  It has widened the meaning of consumer and provided more power ...

Under Sale, ownership passes immediately at the time when the contract is made whereas under Agreement to Sell, passing of ownership is postponed i.e the transfer takes place at a future tim...

The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 was by far one of the most thought provoking and innovative step to stand up for the consumer rights and lead up for their rights. Although the consumer moveme...

Caveat emptor is a Latin word and it means buyer beware. This word is mainly used in commercial transactions and the buyer assumes the risk that the product may be defective partially or totall...

A Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court recently in the case of [New India Assurance Co. Ltd. Vs. Hilli Multipurpose Cold Storage Pvt. Ltd., MANU/SC/0272/2020] held that the time period to file...

The advent of RERA has proved to be a paradise for many Allottees who can now approach their respective state Real Estate Regulatory Authorities easily in case of a grievance that falls within ...

History of Consumer Protection Movement in India: The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 was enacted as a result of widespread consumer protection movement. On the basis of the report of the Secretary...

An exclusive economic zone is basically an area of coastal water and seabed within a certain distance of a country's coastline, to which the country claims exclusive rights for fishing, drilling,...

The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 was enacted to provide simple and quick access to the redressal of consumer grievances. The concept of consumer was introduced through this act and was conferred...

The present article deals with the concept of Deficiency in Service under the gamut of Consumer Protection Laws in India along with a case study dealing with deficiency aspects in banking service...

Supreme Court of India in a recent Judgment titled  Taj Mahal Hotel Vs United India Insurance Company Ltd. & Others , delivered on November 14, 2019 comprising Justice Mohan M. Shantanagoudar ...

Three Judges Bench comprising Honble Mr. Justice V. Ramana, Honble Mr. Justice Mohan M. Shantanagoudar & Honble Mr. Justice Ajay Rastogi while deciding SLP (C) No. 5237 of 2015 titled Punjab Urba...

Anti-Competitive Agreements  A Greater Awareness of Competition Law Helps and Prevent Practices Which Harm The Economy, Businesses and Consumers Alike.This article focuses on the analyses of Anti-...

A visit to the XYZ theatre in South Delhi became the worst nightmare after the bigger of the two installed transformers caught fire. These transformers had developed issues repeatedly but the rep...

It is believed by many that regulating the internet is an oxymoron but the current scheme of things show otherwise as countries like China, Russia are making the internet service providers subjec...

The Consumer Protection act, 1986 (hereinafter CPA) is a social legislation and cannot be interpreted in as technical manner as to take away its basic fundamental roots. On this note, I am oblige...

Consumer rights are generally a reference to a body of law that pertains to things the producers of goods must do to protect customers from harm. These laws have come into existence through a s...

Globalisation, increase in trade, emergence of new ways of transactions and e-commerce have created new and convenient options for consumers. The growth of internet has led to a drastic shift i...

The technology has changed tremendously the way of our lives especially shopping. To buy all of our basic necessities we usually allocate not only amount but also the day that need to go on a s...

The new Consumer Protection Bill, 2018("Bill") aiming to replace the present Consumer Protection Act, 1986("Act") is passed by the Lok Sabha on 20th December, 2018. The major highlights of the ...

We all people buy goods or avail services for our requirements in life. Sometimes these goods or services may not be up to mark or may be less in quantity than required or the charges may be more...

Many schools and colleges are emerging day by day. There are many fake universities or claim of false affiliation with well-known Universities in India as well as abroad. UGC on April 2018 made a...

The issues relating to consumer welfare affects the entire people around us, since everyone is a consumer in one way or the other John F. Kennedy[1] rightly stated that “Consumers, by def...

The Research question that this paper aims to address is whether genuine consent is given by the parties assenting to the terms in cases involving the use of Standard Form Contracts and whether...