Research Methodology
Aims and Objectives:
The initiative aims to offer a thorough analysis with conclusions and proposals as well as many texts on the subject of NO ALIGN MOVEMENT. The goal was to reach a really indigenous ending. Limitations and scope: Although this subject is NON ALIGN MOVEMENT, a huge project and pages are available on the subject, but we could not address the subject very closely due to specific constraints and limitations.

The reason for the conference call is discussed in depth.
Data sources In the project:

1. books the following secondary data sources were used.
2. Writing and quoting methods website:

This research report is largely analytically based on the manner of writing used. Throughout this research work, the researcher used the Uniform citation technique.[1]

Introduction
An international organisation States that do not explicitly align with or oppose a major power bloc are non-aligned movements. Founded in the 1950s, it has 118 members since 2007. The objective of the organisation, as stated by the 1979 Declaration of Havana, is to safeguard in the fight against imperialism the national autonomy, sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of unaligned states.

Colonialism, neo-colonialism, racism and other forms of foreign invasion, occupation, rule, intervention or hegemony, especially against political blocks and big power. They constitute over two thirds of the members of the United Nations and make up 55% of the world's population. Yugoslavia, Braził, India, Egypt were among the most important members. South Africa, Malaysia. Indonesia, Cuba, Pakistan. But Brazil shares a number of objectives with NAM, and often sends observers to Non-Alignment Movement Submission. Brazil is never an official member.[2]

Historical Background
The after-effects of World War II in reality led to a lack of alignment that came into play following the Allies' victory in World War II. Each ally of the United Kingdom, the United States and the Russians was keen to grow and increase their power in Europe. During the Cold War, the globe broke into two camps between the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe on the one hand and the USA and Western Europe on the other.

But the non-aligned movement arose throughout the sixties as a third group. Comprised of nations that had won independence from European empires in the post-war era, the movement attempted to serve as a stabilisation factor between the two blocs of superpower and to give its members a stronger voice in unity.

The idea of non-alignment therefore bases essentially on the principle of national independence and self-reliance and international cooperation on the one hand. When India became liberated, Russia extended its idea of ideology to many nations, while America became a military alliance with newly developing countries. But, due of her cinematic principles and practical considerations, Country like India successfully withstood such demands and did not join any block.[3] The notion of non-alignment arose from this mature analysis. AND Cold War

Non Alignment And Cold War
Often during the Cold War, the non-aligned movement was targets of U.S. imperialism as well as Soviet imperialism, as the U.S. and Soviet Union sought to lure non-aligned states to their camps. Development projects like Egypt's Aswan High Dam in the Soviet Union were provided financial support in the 1960s.

The non-aligned movement was not a firmly cohesive group such as the NATO, the Warsaw Pact, and its members were economically and militarily weaker than the superpower blocs. Through a united and co-operative vote in the UN Assembly, therefore, its members were never in a position to challenge the supremacy of the two super-powers.

Word "Non Alignment"
Word In his UN address of 1953, which was later employed by Jawaharlal Nehru, India's Prime Secretary at his 1954 Colombo speech, V Kmenon invented the phrase 'non-alignment.' Sri Lanka. - Sri Lanka. Nehru outlined the five pillars which were initially put forward by Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai, which were used as a roadmap to Sino-Indian ties. Those ideas would afterwards be the foundation of the Non-Aligned Movement, called the Panchsheel (five restrictions).[4]

There were five principles:

1. Mutual respect for the territorial integrity and sovereignty of each other
2. Mutual domestic non-interference
3. Municipal equality and advantage
4. Coexistence of Peaceful

A nonalignment idea of Jawaharlal Nehru drew India into a newly independent world prestige which shared India's worry about a military clash between superpowers and the influence of former colonial countries. In the multilateral institutions like the United Nations (UN) and Nonaligned Movement, New Delhi utilised nonalignment as a leader in the newly independent globe.

The 1971 signing, together with India's involvement in internal affairs of its smaller neighbours in the 1970s and 1980s, of the Peace Friendship and Cooperation Treaty between India and the Soviet Union tarnished the image of New Delhi as a nation without an alignment and led some observers to notice that in practise, non-alignments applied exclusively to India's relations with countries outside of South Asia.[5]

Meaning Of Non Alignment Motion
Non-alignment requires international politics involvement without mere membership. It is not passive neutrality at the same time. Nor is it a policy of quiet out of fear of others, nor is it a strategy of global political isolation. But it is rather a way to choose all matters in accordance with a good and wrong judgement.

The Prime Minister of India addressed the gathering at the Seventh Non-Aligned Summit in New Delhi in March 1983, stating: "Alignment is too ambiguous, not negative, not neutral and there can be no possibility of a shadow over our independence of judgement and action. We don't have "any set of countries to dispute with, but we speak out against wrongfulness."

In international politics, the unaligned states have developed into a major moral force.[6] They were as well unified for peace in the globe independently. Understanding and cooperation amongst the world's countries. You have denounced the wrong and the unfair and you are in favour of disarmament and social discrimination without fear and favour.

There has been more recognition for the idea of non-alignment, while 47 participating nations and 10 observators participated in the second non-aligned conference held in October 1964. 54 delegates and Il observateurs participate in the third meeting which was held in Lusaka in 1970, and 75 participants and 14 observers attended the fourth summit in Algiers in December 1973. Countries from West Asia and South Asia, as well as African and Caribbean countries and Latin America were included in the event.

Over 100 countries from all the continents and the majority of mankind participated in the 8th non-aligned summit held in Harare in Sept. 1986. In March 1983, the Seventh non-aligned summit conference took place in New Delhi and repeated its decision in front of the world community on all the critical topics and called on major powers to work voluntarily to establish the new order in the world.[7]

The non-alignment strategy has gained international recognition as a strong and permanent tool of international co-operation and world peace throughout the year. Even those who formerly opposed this strategy came to see more peace, cooperation and prosperity Not military alliances, power-blocks and issues solving via guns can be achieved, but by abandoning die-hard colonial and imperialist politics in favour of "living and letting live," by pursuing a friendliness attitude to everyone and unwillingness toward none. The notion of non-alignment was misunderstood in certain places.[8]

The notion that led to isolation was considered as bad. But the idea was clarified by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1949, "When I say that we should not align with any power bloc, clearly, it does not imply that we should be closer to one country than to another in our ties with one country. This depends mostly on economic, political, agricultural and many other variables.

We will undoubtedly build these intimate ties and will push you to improve, but we do not want to be able to place ourselves, Where poetically, in relation to our future international operations, we are merely aligned with a certain group." This remark very clearly indicated India's attitude in that the non-alignment policy was accepted."

Non-Aligned Motive
Every foreign policy has certain reasons, while national interest is at the root of all international policies.[9]

The main reasons for non-alignment are:

1. Policy Formulation Independence Urge:
   All former colonies were anxious to secure their hard-won freedom when they were cast from the bondage. Politically and militarily, as weak as possible and unable to compete favourably with the old and stronger nations, they thought that it was desirable to retain chunks of the power free so that an autonomous foreign policy could be pursued.
    
2. Wish to avoid general war involvement:
   The unaligned nation would wish to avoid being entangled in the different political feuds so that it could concentrate entirely on their people's economic and material growth. The unaligned countries are well aware that they can't escape its influence in general warfare but are committed to ensure that they are not directly involved in such wars as feasible.[10]
    
3. Support U.N, work well: Another reason for the non-aligned states is to guarantee that the UN works well to achieve its aims, notably to safeguard world peace and economic growth.

This can only be done if the forum is liberated from the politics of power. In international politics, unaligned governments that make up the third force can play a beneficial role by assessing every problem on its merits and providing effective solutions.[11]

Negative Elements

1. Cold War opposition:
   The new powers were anxious to avoid the Cold War since the establishment of international peace and security was thought to be very hazardous. They feared that the cold war may lead to a new conflict and so intended to limit their freedom from action rather substantially.[12]
    
2. The military alliance is opposition to Building a military alliance was one of the essential aspects of the cold war, but the non-aligned believed that the alliance would hurt and prevent global peace. They therefore choose to stay out of the superpower's alliance and power politics. In conjunction with the resistance to cold war, that element offered an excellent basis for non-alignment.[13]
    
3. Imperialism, Colonialism and Neo-Colonialism Opposition In modern times, the necessity to confront the danger to independent, stable and security of new nations posed by neo-colonialism further reaffirms the case for non-alignment, which alone may give an opportunity for collective collaboration and fight against the forces of neo-colonialism..[14]
    
4. The desire for autonomous foreign policy: there was no alignment, since this was used to maintain the distinctive character of the new countries. While defending non-aligned movement, the new policy itself has again been proclaimed to be merely a policy of doing what we think best. Alignment implies one thing: the right to freedom of judgement and action must be abandoned. New countries were unwilling to accept this view and so did not embrace alignment.[15]
    
5. Love for peace and peace means: the acceptance of peace and peaceful methods as essential principles was another good cause that led to the acceptance of Non-Alignment. In most countries, the fight for independence was governed by the principles of peace and prosperity. The newly-emerging independent nations, such as India, were deeply concerned and wanted to assist maintain international peace that connected their own peace and development opportunities.
   
   No alignment was considered to be the ideal concept aimed to avoid cold war and alliance spread and tensions created by them. They accepted it with the aim of strengthening the possibilities for peace against conflict.[16]

Conclusion
The movement's attitude to international affairs inspired the right of autonomous judgement, the fight against imperialism and neo-colonialism, and the use of moderation in interactions with all major nations. The Movement also aimed to restructure the economic order of the world. Failure to align has made the free development of the individual, economic and social growth, and the self-determination and equality of all peoples their major concern.

By combining peace and growth with people's freedom from all forms of subjugation and exploitation. Non-Alignment has become the main supporter of the good development of international relations and a movement with a global political position, concepts and strategy. In terms of the movement of newly independent nations from the 1940s to the 1960s the non-aligned movement is visible too. They sought to ensure that their voice could be heard on the international scene.[17] The Cold War.

The Cold War. The Non-Aligned Movement has strengthened the imminent risk of confrontation, a need to defeat colonialism orthodoxly or in a new form, a need to remove global causes of anomaly to ensure an even distribution of wealth and technology, but mainly the requirement for the newly independent countries to strengthen independence and to establish a new code of inter-state relations. In a true sense, the Movement represents the world's impoverished.

Over 80% of the nations that are the least developed in the world are members of the Non-Aligned Movement. The movement includes the majority of nations significantly impacted by payment balance imbalances, food shortages and inflation. The Brutal National Product is one of the world's disadvantaged non-aligned countries, whether one looks at life astral stagnation, healthcare and service provision, adult literacy, population growth or life expectancy.

The Yakarta Summit in 1992 represented a change from the rhetorical tale of the past to tangible activity, since it the first summit following the end of the Cold War. The focus has moved from developing nations' demands to collaboration with wealthier countries.[18] No formal constitution or permanent secretariat is provided for in the Non-Aligned Movement. It is a rotating President and is the Head of States or of Governments of the host country of the Summit formally appointed by its Chair.

At the same time, the chairman's administration is the management of the Foreign Ministry and permanent mission in New York. At the United Nations in New York the Coordinating Bureau (CoB) provides the focus for cooperation amongst NAM members. The Permanent Representative of the United Nations in New York acts as President of the CoB, as the non-aligned nations routinely convene at the UN and carry out much of their work there.

The Office examines the activities of NAM working groups, contact groups, task forces and committees and encourages their coordination. Some of the working groups, task force and NAM-built committees include: UN Restructuring Working Group at the High Level, Human Rights Working Group, Peace-keeping Working Group, Disarmament Working Group.[19] Task Force on Somalia, Committee on Palestine.

Non-Aligned Security Caucus, Economic Co-operation Standing Ministerial Committee and Joint Co-ordinating Committee (chaired by Chairman of G-77 and Chairman of NAM). The Troika of previous, serving and future chairs is an essential mechanism of NAM. This notion can be implemented at the discretion of the Chairperson and can function as a clearinghouse for resolving the challenges and questions that the Movement must take on in emerging nations.

The sixteenth summit was held in Egypt in 2009 in Sharm El-Sheik in the Non-Alligned Heads of State and Government and in Tehran in 2012 the next summit will take place. In addition, Summit was held in Cuiro, Lusaka, outside Belgrade, where little ninth was held. Jakarta, Cartugena de India's, Durban and Kuala Lumpur.

Havana, New Delhi, Harure. In its critique of present UN institutions and power dynamics, particularly in how powerful governments have used the organisation, which contradict NAM's values, the Non Aligned Movement has offered many proposals to improve UN decision-making openness and democracy. NAM believes that the United Nations Security Council is the most undemocratic and skewed UN organ of all.

It thus calls for the Security Council to be reshaped and restructured. NAM agrees that human rights and social fairness are universal, yet it strongly fights cultural homogenisation. In accordance with its sovereignty perspectives, the organisation calls for cultural variety to be preserved and for the religious, social, cultural and historical particularities defining human rights in a given territory to be tolerated.

NAM has recently worked with other development groups, mainly the Group of 77. Forms a number of collaborative committees and publishes statements and papers that represent both organisations' common objectives. This communication and collaboration may be regarded as an endeavour to raise worldwide awareness and reinforce the political impact of the organisation.[20]

Bibliography:

1. Prakash Chand Prem Arora,Comparative Politicss And International Relation,Cbdpublication, 206
2. A.C. Kapoor,Non Aligned Movement,Principle Of Social Science,S.Chand,210
3. Ram Jai Upadhyaa, Local Organisation, Central Law Publication, 2010 4. Maclam.D.Evans,Non Aligned Movement, International Law,Oxford Publication
4. S.K.Kapoor.Concept Of Nam,International Law And Human Right,Central Law Agency,206
5. Dr.H.O.Agrawal, Non Aligned Movement.International Law And Human Right,Central Law Publication,340
6. Dr.S.R.Myneni.Non Aligned Movement,International Law.Allahabad Law Publication,356
7. Rohit sinha, non aligned movement, scribd, pg no. 1, (1-20), https://www.scribd.com/doc/109770223/Political-Science.

End-Notes:

1. Rohit sinha, non aligned movement, scribd, pg no. 1, (1-20), https://www.scribd.com/doc/109770223/Political-Science
2. Rohit sinha, non aligned movement, scribd, pg no. 1, (1-20), https://www.scribd.com/doc/109770223/Political-Science.
3. Rohit sinha, non aligned movement, scribd, pg no. 1, (1-20), https://www.scribd.com/doc/109770223/Political-Science.
4. Ibid.
5. Rohit sinha, non aligned movement, scribd, pg no. 1, (1-20), https://www.scribd.com/doc/109770223/Political-Science.
6. Rohit sinha, non aligned movement, scribd, pg no. 1, (1-20), https://www.scribd.com/doc/109770223/Political-Science
7. Ibid.
9. Prakash Chand Prem Arora,Comparative Politicss And International Relation,Cbdpublication, 206
10. Rohit sinha, non aligned movement, scribd, pg no. 1, (1-20), https://www.scribd.com/doc/109770223/Political-Science.
12. Rohit sinha, non aligned movement, scribd, pg no. 1, (1-20), https://www.scribd.com/doc/109770223/Political-Science.
13. Ibid.
14. Rohit sinha, non aligned movement, scribd, pg no. 1, (1-20), https://www.scribd.com/doc/109770223/Political-Science.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Rohit sinha, non aligned movement, scribd, pg no. 1, (1-20), https://www.scribd.com/doc/109770223/Political-Science.
18. Ibid.
19. Rohit sinha, non aligned movement, scribd, pg no. 1, (1-20), https://www.scribd.com/doc/109770223/Political-Science.
20. Ibid.

Written By: Mohit Mandloi, BA-LLB(Hons.) Semester II, NMIMS Indore