A monarchy is a form of government led by an individual who holds the position for life , having inherited the position and who passes it on to a relative ,usually a son or daughter. Today absolute and constitutional monarchies exist.

Current Monarchies Are:

Current Monarchies	Head of State	Head of Government	Type of Monarchy	Succession
Canada	queen	Prime Minister	Constitutional	Hereditary
Spain	queen	Prime Minister	Constitutional	Hereditary
Japan	emperor	Prime Minister	Constitutional	Hereditary
Bhutan	king	Prime Minister	Constitutional	Hereditary
New Zealand	king	President	Constitutional	Hereditary

Constitutional Monarchy:

Constitutional monarchy differs from absolute monarchy (in which a monarch holds absolute power) in that constitutional monarchs are bound to exercise their powers and authorities within the limits prescribed within an established legal framework.It's a form of government established under a constitutional system which acknowledges hereditary or elected monarch as head of state. Though the king or queen may be regarded as the government's symbolic head, it's the prime minister who actually governs the country. Example : - Queen Elizabeth II of England.

Canada:

Many foreigners, and even some Canadians, are surprised to learn that Canada is a monarchy, which means the country's political system is always headed by a king or queen. The current Canadian monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952. The monarchy is the foundation of the executive (Queen-in-Council), legislative (Queen-in-Parliament), and judicial (Queen-on-the-Bench) branches of both federal and provincial jurisdictions

Canada is one of the oldest continuing monarchies in the world. Canada operates as a constitutional monarchy, in which the monarch agrees to delegate her powers to the nation's elected politicians, rather than use them herself. Queen Elizabeth II is described as being Canada's head of state — a symbolic figure of political authority — but the prime minister is called the head of government — the actual ruler of the country. The monarchy of Canada is at the core of Canada's constitutional federalstructure.

In Canadian law, the impressive powers of the monarch are thus formally held by Elizabeth II but lent to other people, mostly the Prime Minister of Canada who governs on the Queen's behalf and passes laws in her name using her authority.The Governor General is her representative in Canada, proclaiming laws passed by Parliament.

The Queen is a patron of a number of Canadian organizations, including the Canadian Cancer Society, the Canadian Red Cross Society, and the Royal Canadian Humane Association.

Spain

The Spanish Constitution of 1978 re-established a constitutional monarchy as the form of government for Spain after the fall of the dictatorship and advocates the essential values of freedom, justice, equality, and political pluralism. The monarchy of Spain is constitutionally referred to as The Crown which is a constitutional institution and the highest office of Spain.It also provides for the separation of powers into executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

Article 56 of the Spanish Constitution establishes that the monarchy is the head of state and symbolizes the unity of the Spanish state. It refers to the monarch's role as a "moderator" whose main role is to oversee and ensure the regular functioning of the institutions. The monarch is also commander in chief of the armed forces and the symbol of national unity.

Although the monarch is the head of state and the country's highest representative in international affairs, the crown's role is defined as strictly neutral and apolitical. The King is the highest-ranked representative of the Spanish state in international relations and only exercises the functions that are explicitly attributed to him by the Constitution and the laws. Thus , the King of Spain enjoys immunity and is not subject to legal responsibility.