Kulbhusan Sudhir Jadhav (reported as Hussain Mubarak Patel) born on 16th April 1970 is an Indian National who was arrested within the Pakistani province of Balochistan on charges of terrorism and spying for India's Administrative Body, the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW).

The Pakistani Government said that it was a commanding officer of the Indian Navy who was engaged in subversive activities within Pakistan and was arrested on 3 March 2016 during a counter-intelligence operation in Balochistan. The Indian Government recognised him as a former military officer, but denied any links with him, saying that he had taken early retirement and had gone to Iran for a cargo business where he got abducted.

On 10 April 2017, Jadhav was sentenced to death by the Field General Court Martial in Pakistan. On 18 May, the International Court of Justice remained in office until the final judgement on the case was delivered. On 17 July, the court rejected India's appeal for the release of Jadhav and ordered Pakistan to suspend the execution. It ruled that Pakistan would have to review the entire trial process and conviction of Kulbhusan Jadhav and provide India with Consular Access.

Background:
Jadhav was born in Sangli, Maharashtra, to Sudhir and Avanti Jadhav on April 16, 1970. His dad was a retired Mumbai Police Officer.

Jadhav is married with two children. His family is living in Powai, Mumbai. Per reports in Pakistani media, Jadhav joined the Indian National Defense Academy in 1987 and was authorised to design part of the Indian Navy in 1991.

In addition, Pakistani media have begun to gather data and knowledge within India after the 2001 attack on the Parliament of India. After 14 years of administration, he was recruited for insightful tasks in 2003 and set up an independent venture in Chabahar, Iran, from where he made some undetected visits to Karachi and Balochistan.

Arrest:

According to the Pakistani Government, Jadhav was captured inside Balochistan in Mashkel, near the outskirts of Chaman, on 3 March 2016. He was captured during a counter-intelligence strike led by security forces. India denied the case and said he had been abducted from Iran.

Pakistani security authorities have revealed Jadhav as a serving officer in the Indian Navy and have stated that he has been authorised to do so Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), India's outer intelligence agency. They trusted him to be involved in rebellious exercises in Balochistan and Karachi. Jadhav was soon transferred to Islamabad for interrogation. While as far as Indian sources are concerned, Jadhav was kidnapped by Mullah Omar Irani of Jaish ul-Adl from Sarbaz City, Iran, who later handed Jadhav over to the Pakistani Army.

Role of Pakistan:

Pakistan said that Jadhav had entered Chabahar with a visa stamped on a fake passport numbered L9630722 in 2003 and had a new identity as Hussain Mubarak Patel, born 30 August 1968 in Maharashtra, India. Pakistani authorities guaranteed that their activity was to destabilise Pakistan by strengthening non-conformist developments in Balochistan and Karachi a vital one that began formally in 2013.

Balochistan Home Secretary Sarfraz Bugti said that Jadhav was clearly working for RAW and in contact with Baloch separatists and activists, energising partisan savagery in the territory and the country. He also included that he had engaged with the monetarily supporting aggressors that Jadhav had conceded his inclusions in Karachi's unrest. Interrogation also allegedly revealed the preparation of the maritime battle was presented to the Baloch separatists, trying to concentrate on the ports of Gwadar and Karachi. Pakistani experts said that during his cross-examination, Jadhav had provided insights into his subsidisation and plans to destabilise the country. They included that Jadhav also unveiled the proximity of other Indian knowledge agents in the southern metropolis.

During the cross-examination, Jadhav also allegedly discovered that he was in contact at Wadh with Haji Baloch, who offered money related and strategic assistance to Baloch separatists and the IS in Karachi. He also said that the geniuses of the Safoora transport assault, where the shooters shot dead 45 Ismaili travellers, had additional contact with Haji Baloch. Jadhav has included that he had met Baloch a few times, once in a while for arranging partisan savagery in Karachi and the remainder of Sindh. Pakistan said that, in light of Jadhav's data, it had captured many secret operatives.

Asim Bajwa told the press that Jadhav had changed to Islam, had a false character, and had worked at Gadani under the front of a piece dealer. He said that Jadhav had set up a system of agents if reserves, orchestrated to sneak individuals into the nation with the end goal of fear-based oppression, and apparently bought pontoons at the Iranian port of Chabahar to target Karachi and Gwadar ports in a so-called psychological oppressive plot. According to him, Jadhav's objective was to undermine the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor through publicity with the Gwadar port as a unique objective and further disharmony between the Baloch patriotic political parties. He also said that Jadhav advised investigators to use the code expression "your monkey is with us" To educate his managers and Indian specialists about his arrest. Asim further claimed that he had seized maps and that there could be no more clear evidence of unfamiliar obstruction in Pakistan. He named the capture of knowledge or the military officer of his rank a major achievement.

Confessional Video release by Pakistan:

A video admission by Jadhav was opened during the joint meeting between the military and the government. Jadhav claimed in the video that RAW, an Indian insight organisation, was associated with destabilising Pakistan. He also said that he was a service officer of the Indian Navy, working in Pakistan under the command of the RAW.

Referring to the video, Bajwa said:
"There can be no more clear evidence of Indian obstruction in Pakistan," including that Jadhav 's exercises were state-sponsored terrorism. In the video, Jadhav recognised that he was driving an incognito activity against Pakistan from the Iranian port of Chabahar, where he used to get directions from Research and Analysis Wing's joint secretary Anil Gupta. He likewise said that the RAW had been financing the Baloch separatists for the Balochistan insurgency. Jadhav said:
I'm still an official in the Indian Navy, and I'm expected to retire in 2022. By 2002, I started to carry out knowledge activities. In 2003, I set up a private venture in Shabahar, Iran. Since I had the opportunity to perform undetected attendance and visits to Karachi in 2003 and 2004 and to perform some of the key tasks within India for RAW, I received RAW in 2013.

In the video, Jadhav also discovered that he had been coordinating various RAW exercises in Karachi and Balochistan since 2013 and had a job in breaking the peace situation in Karachi. In giving the subtleties of these exercises, Jadhav said:
These exercises were hostile to the national nature or fear of the monger, which led to the execution and injury of the charges.

Indian Government Reaction:

After the video was released by Pakistan, India rejected the video confession. Union Minister Kiren Rijiju said, "This is a completely fake video recorded by Pakistan. They're just cooking storeys and making videos to defame India.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of India argued that Jadhav was an Indian Navy official but retired prematurely and had no current connection with the Administration of the Navy since his retirement. In addition, the Indian High Commission has sought consular access to Jadhav, yet Pakistan has not consented to it. Pakistan's Indian negotiator said that consular access was not programmed for security-related cases, clarifying that Jadhav had been travelling "under a fake name with unique Indian identification" since 2003.

According to Indian sources, Jadhav has been abducted by Pakistani authorities from the Iran Pakistan border, and Pakistan has compiled his records and spilled them without acknowledgment of glaring irregularities. As indicated by the Indian media, the Sunni group Jaish ul-Adl is responsible for the abduction of Jadhav from the Iranian-Pakistan border.

According to the Indian authorities, Jadhav had a cargo business in Iran and had worked in the ports of Bandar Abbas and Chabahar. "Apparently he wandered into Pakistani waters. No matter how likely it may be, there is also a likelihood that he would have been tricked back into Pakistan at some point and that counterfeit reports would have been made to him by the ISI."

In addition, some Indian authorities claimed that Jadhav had been snatched from Iran Pakistan by a fanatical radical gathering called Jaishul Adil. Jaishul Adil, assigned to Iran's fear-based oppressor association, is linked to Al-Qaeda and has frequently been blamed for focusing on Iranian outskirts monitors. In addition, they highlighted the irregularities between the cases made border, and those made by General Bajwa that he was picked from Saravan.

Role of Iran:

On 3 April, it was reported that Iran had been investigating whether Jadhav had crossed the Pakistan-Iran outskirts illegally after the issue had been dealt with by the Pakistani authorities during Hassan Rouhani's visit to Islamabad. Rouhani, however, denied the report as a gossip saying that the issue had not even been raised. Iranian Ambassador to India Gholamreza Ansari said that Iran was looking into the matter. He said that once Iran has completed the review, it will deliver the reports to "well-disposed countries."

The Iranian consulate in Pakistan rebuked "some components in Pakistan" for spreading "unworthy and hostile" comments attributed to Rouhani, including that these bits of gossip "will not influence the positive outlook of the two nations with respect to each other" as Pakistan had demonstrated to be Iran's "confided in accomplice and neighbour".

Sentence:

On 10 April 2017, Jadhav was sentenced to death by the Field General Court Martial (FGCM) in Pakistan after being admitted under the watchful eye of the court and the court. Jadhav's trial lasted three and a half months, and the charges brought against him included espionage of India, taking up arms against Pakistan, promoting psychological oppression, and destabilising the state. He was tried in a military court because of his maritime foundation and the delicate idea of his case, including surveillance and sabotage.

The sentence was affirmed by the Chief of the Armed Forces, Qamar Javed Bajwa, and handed down through the ISPR. Pakistan Defense Minister Khawaja Muhammad Asif said that, pursuant to the Pakistan Army Act of 1952, Jadhav had reserved the option of bidding against his conviction on three re-appraising discussions inside 40 days.

India accused Pakistan, despite a few requests, of refusing consular access to Jadhav. Pakistan, it was claimed, had not yet educated India about the Jadhav trial. As of 2 July 2017 the number of consular access denied remained at 18.

In the run-up to the Pakistan Senate, Pakistani Defense Minister Khawaja Asif said that Jadhav's prosecution followed "due legitimate procedure" In view of the laws, rules and guidelines of the nation and "there was nothing illegal in the lawful procedures," he said that Jadhav had been given a defence officer in the course of his trial. He dismissed the allegations made by India that the preliminary was called a "planned murder." Asif included that Pakistan would not allow concessions to components that compromised its security and stability inside the nation or over the border.

International Court of Justice:

On 8 May 2017, India filed an application for legal proceedings against Pakistan in respect of the alleged infringement of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 24 April 1963 "in the matter of the detention and preliminary ruling of an Indian national, Mr Kulbhushan Sudhir Jadhav," who had been sentenced to death by a military court in Pakistan in April 2017.

India claimed that Pakistan had not immediately notified it of the capture and confinement of its national. It also argued that Mr. Jadhav had not been informed of his privileges under Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, and that Mr. Jadhav had been denied access to Mr. Jadhav while in custody, detention and imprisonment, and that he had been unable to access Mr. Jadhav to speak and compare with him, or arrange for his legal representation.

The case may be reviewed by the ICJ, which started in The Hague on the 15th. India and Pakistan both sent their legal teams under the leadership of Harish Salve and Khawar Qureshi. The International Court of Justice remained Hanging Jadhav on 18 May 2017.

On 22 June 2017, Pakistani sources confirmed that Jadhav had sought forgiveness from the head of the nation's army following his conviction. Pakistan also delivered another confession booth video of Jadhav, in which he stated that he had visited Karachi twice for an insight into the social affairs of maritime offices. He also confessed to supporting and subsidising, in the interest of the Indian RAW, Baloch aggressors partnered with the BLA and BRA, notwithstanding penetrating and setting up "30 to 40 RAW agents along the Makran Coast" for inclusion in fear based oppressor activities. Jadhav said that RAW exercises in Balochistan and Sindh were conducted under the guidance of Anil Kumar Dhasmana. The Indian Ministry of Foreign Affairs again apologised for admission as "false propaganda," stating that Pakistan was trying to influence the procedures of the ICJ while denying Jadhav consular rights. The ICJ did not allow Pakistan to play the video during the hearing.

On 25 December, Jadhav's mother and wife met Jadhav in Islamabad after permission had been granted by the Pakistani authorities. India thus denounced Pakistan for its treatment of the visit of Jadhav's wife and mother, saying that they were annoyed and kept free from talking to Jadhav.

On 17 July 2019, the ICJ, in its decision, dismissed India 's appeal for the release of Jadhav and directed Pakistan to allow consular access and to audit the sentence effectively. The court requested that Pakistan grant consular access to Jadhav. Pakistan and India both claimed victory and welcomed the judgement of the ICJ.

Coercion for not filing Petition:

On 8 July 2020 India accused Pakistan of coercing Kulbhusan Jadhav not to file a petition for review of his conviction in the High Court of Islamabad.

"India has sought unfettered access to Shri Jadhav to talk about his cures under the law. Pakistan has clearly pushed Shri Jadhav to forgo his privileges to seek an inadequate cure under the rule of law execution of the judgment of the ICJ," an External Affairs Ministry proclamation said.

It is fascinating that Mr. Jadhav, whose sentence was handed down by the Pakistani Army General Court, has now been extended to a non-military personnel court the Islamabad High Court. (The Chief of the Pakistani Army, Qamar Javed Bajwa, affirmed the military decision of the court).

Mr. Irfan guaranteed that, on 17 June, Mr. Jadhav was "welcome" to document the request of the High Court of Islamabad against his sentence, but decided not to do so. Mr. Jadhav, rather, "wanted to develop" on his pending request for "kindness."

In addition, the Pakistani lawful official claimed that they had repeatedly composed the Indian High Commission to record the survey appeal for the benefit of Mr. Jadhav.
India, then again, said Pakistan had from the beginning kept up that their laws took into consideration successful audit and re-examination. "Presently, after nearly 12 months, they have made a U-turn and gave a mandate to apparently accommodate a type of survey. We have just communicated our genuine worries at the substance of the statute and how it disregards the ICJ judgment. Pakistan is just looking to make a hallucination of cure," the Ministry included.

Pakistan is just looking to make a hallucination of cure," the Ministry included.

In its July 2019 decision, the ICJ requested Pakistan to audit Mr. Jadhav's capital punishment, deciding that India's entitlement to have consular access to its national had been abused.

Pakistan "denied the Republic of India of the option to speak with and approach Mr. Kulbhushan Sudhir Jadhav, to visit him in detainment and to mastermind his legitimate portrayal," the appointed authorities said.
"The continuation of the execution procedure provides a basic condition for a powerful investigation and re-examination of the conviction and sentence of Mr Kulbhushan Sudhir Jadhav," the world court ruled.

Following the judgement of the ICJ, India finally had consular access to Mr. Jadhav in September 2019 but only in the presence of video cameras and Pakistani officials.

According to Pakistan's cut-off time of 8 July, Mr. Jadhav has until 20 July to file an application against his conviction and sentence in the High Court of Islamabad.

Pakistan also offered consular access to Jadhav for the second time and arranged a meeting with his father and his wife.

On July 16, Indian officials met with Jadhav, but it ended on a disastrous note as they said they had not been given unhindered access, and Jadhav himself was visibly stressed. "In light of these circumstances, the Indian Consular Officers concluded that consular access was neither meaningful nor credible.

On 20 August, the Islamabad High Court named three senior lawyers as amici curiae in the Jadhav case and ordered the Pakistani government to give India "another chance" to appoint a death row prisoner counsel. In 2017, India approached the ICJ against Pakistan for refusing consular access to Jadhav and challenging the death penalty.