The first education policy was introduced in 1968 under the president-ship of Indira Gandhi whereas the 2nd policy was introduced under the president-ship of Rajiv Gandhi in 1986. In 1992 this policy was modified by our former prime minister of India P.V Narasimha Rao and now after 34 years the new education policy was introduced, however, it has been not implemented yet. The most groundbreaking incidence which took place in the Indian education system was the introduction of " right to education" under article 21 of the Indian constitution according to this article the child having the age of 6-14 years can avail the benefit of free an un-compulsory education.

Evolution Of The New Education Policy

A sheer sudden move is not there behind the new education policy, in 2014 the new education policy was mentioned in Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)'s election manifesto. In 2015 the HRD minister, Smriti Irani made a committee whose chairman was T.S Subramanian. The main objective of the report submitted by the committee was to improve the quality, credibility and addressing the gaps of implementing the education policy.

But anyhow nothing could happen concerning these objectives. Later on, under the chairmanship of the former researcher, Dr K. Kasturirangan formed a committee of 9 members, who made the draft of national education policy, 2019 which was eventually passed as the new education policy,2020.

Changes Made Under New Education Policy, 2020

1. Firstly the name of the Human Resource Development (HRD) ministry was changed to the ministry of education.
2. Secondly, the government declared that it would increase it's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) investment in the educational sector from 1.6% to 6%.
3. Thirdly the government also declared that by 2035 that the gross enrolment will increase by 50%.

The above-mentioned numbers are only achievable when a dynamic change would be introduced in the field of education and hence the new education policy was introduced where the academics, vocation and the co-curricular activities are given equal filling moreover the freedom to develop the skills in whatever was given to the children.

Analysis And Interpretation

Changes In School Education

Firstly would like to throw light on the existing education structure in which the students should be enrolled in 10+2 structure. But according to the new and revised academic structure, 10+2 is broken down to 5+3+3+4 structure.

The structure corresponds to the age group of 3-6 and 6-8 years, 8-11 years, 11-14 years and 14-18 years respectively. Secondly, the students from class 6th would be taught coding moreover the students will be given an option to study in mother tongue till 5th standard. The most important change in NEP is that a 360-degree progress card of each student would be made in which academics, practical, curricular and co-curricular skills would be given equal fillings.

Changes In Higher Education

Under this head the NEP has adopted a multi-disciplinary approach under which holistic undergraduate programmes would be there in which flexible curriculum, vocational subjects and inter-disciplinary combination of subjects would be allowed, this means that the strict division of different streams like commerce, humanities and science would not be there hence in the higher education the students are free to make a combination of the subjects of their own choice. Some more changes in the field of language were introduced such as Sanskrit would be offered as an option in every subject and other classical languages too would be available as an option.

The concept of the academic bank of credits was also introduced for the students who think out of the box can use these credits earned and take a sabbatical from their studies. To promote Multi-disciplinary education Multi-disciplinary education and research universities would be made and to foster the research culture the National Research Foundation would be made as an apex body. In continuation of this Higher education commission of India would be introduced as a dedicated and a sole body for higher education but this will not include the medical and legal studies.

Changes For Teachers
To bring a change in the field of teaching, National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education, (NCFTE), 2021 will be made following National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) for the teaching education and till 2030 the minimum qualification for the teaching would be 4years integrated Bachelor of Education (B.ed).

Conclusion
The main objective of the new education policy is to increase the education standards to achieve the global standards of education so that every student after their school career would be having some good practical skills in the continuance of this some changes would be bought in the examination pattern of C.B.S.E boards too that will test students core and application skills. Moreover, all the differences between private and government schools and colleges would be eradicated. At the end would like to say that there is a difference between the framing of policy and implementation of the same, therefore its too early to say something positive or negative about the new education policy.

References

• https://www.livemint.com/education/news/new-education-policy-five-big-changes-in-school-higher-education-explained-11596098141333.html