Article 14 of the Indian Constitution - Equality before law:-
Article 14 of the Indian constitution of India provides that the state shall not deny to any person Equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws in the Territory of India.

Article 14 uses two expressions "Equality before law "which implies the absence of any special privileges in favour of individuals and the subject of all classes to the ordinary law and equal protection of the law which implies "Equal Treatment in Equal Circumstances"

"Equality before law" means that among equals the law should be equal and should be equally administered, that like should be treated alike. The right to sue and be sued , to prosecute and be prosecuted for the same kind of action should be same for all the citizens of full age and understanding without distinction of race, religion, wealth ,social status or political influence.

Article 14 permits classification but prohibits class legislation. Class legislation is that which makes an improper discrimination by conferring particular privileges upon a class of person arbitrarily selected from a large number of persons. Article 14 does not forbid reasonable classification of persons, Objects, transactions by the legislature for the purpose of achieving specific ends but the classification should be reasonable.

Leading case:-
State of West Bengal v. Anwar Ali:-
In the leading case the supreme court held that section 5(1) of the west Bengal special court act 1856 ,contravened article 14 anf was voidsince it conferred arbitrary power on the government to classify offences or cases at its pleasure .the majority held that the procedure laid down by the act for the trial by the special courts varied substantially from the procedure laid down on the trial of offences generally by the criminal procedure code.