There are separate and exclusive Acts for each sector in the Indian real estate which has been framed and governed by the central and state government of India. So, when the rents of the real estate property are concerned, the Act enforced is the Rental Law.

This law has the scope to all commercial and residential property’s rent and it solves all the tenant-landlord disputes by enacting civil laws. These Rent Laws are state laws. Each state has its laws relating to their rental property and agreements. For instance, the Rent Control Act, 1999 in Maharashtra, the Rent Control Act in the year 1958, Delhi, Tamil Nadu Buildings lease and Rent Control Act,1960. These Acts are enacted primarily to solve the disputes between two parties involved in the rental agreement.

There are 2 types of rental contracts mostly preferred by the landlords, the rental agreements, and license agreement. This article speaks about the introduction to the Rent Laws, methods used primarily, and the utilities provided in the first stage. Then the Rent Control Act along with its new modifications will be discussed. The last portion of elaborately comprises an integral part of this Act and the conclusion.

If we have to rent a property, a legally bound contract between the landlord and tenant will be drafted. The contract will have the rules and responsibilities, according to which both parties have to bind. Some of the basic ingredients that are usually given in the contract document are the rent amount, security deposit amount, date of deposition of the security amount, and other legal conditions.

If any of the parties violate the bound rules, then the aggrieved party can apply for the relief in the Civil Court. Many people have common and general knowledge about rental pacts. The objects in the rental agreement can be negotiated with the landlord. The most basic objectives that will be needed is the tenant will be asked to pay an advance amount to the landlord to avoid fraudulent acts which will be returned during the end the period of the lease and the amount will be returned to the tenant if the property is left behind with good condition

And both parties have to be notified before vacating the property. These are the basic information that everybody knew relating to the rental of the property. But there are further information and notifications regarding the rental pacts in India.

Elementary methods:

As seen earlier, there are two types of rental pacts. The rental agreements and the license agreement.

• Rental contracts that are over 12 months are considered to be the rental agreements. This type has to stand by severe rent control laws that are mostly in favor of the tenants. The Rental Control Laws at this time prevent the landlords from overpricing the tenants and protect the tenants from unexpected or prejudicial eviction. Also, the right to ownership of the property will be transferred from the landlords to the tenants in case of a lease agreement, making it more solid for the landlord to vacate a tenant. Hence, this is not a type that Landlords prefer.
   
• Another type of agreement is the license or leave the agreement. the Leave and license agreements on the other side are limited to a period of 11 months, with an option of renewal of the agreement at the termination of the contract. As a rental agreement that is 11 months long is just a license for the tenant to occupy the premises for a short duration, Rent Control Laws necessarily need not to be applied. Further, rental contracts that are 11 months long allow the landlord more actions to take in case of eviction of the tenant from the property. Hence, most landlords prefer to enter into a rental agreement that is 11 months long, to be on the safer side, with an option to renew at the end of the agreement period.
   

Utilities provided:

The contract should contain the details of the provided utilities. The electricity expenses if included with the rent then the meter cards should be provided to the tenant, or if the tenant itself has to pay them, then such details must be provided. The same applies to the water connection and the amount can be determined by the source of water supply given to the accommodation. The gas connection has to be provided by the landlord. The other non-mandatory supplies like the internet, phone connection as so should be done by the tenant.

The Rent Control Act:

Rent Control Act was a method by the Government of India to eradicate the abuse of tenants by landlords. Rent legislature tends in providing fair rents to the landlords and protection of tenants against eviction. But the tenants are paying fixed rates as rents since 1947. The Rent Control Act has led to several adversative situations like deteriorating speculation in rental housing, Withdrawal of already existing housing stock from the rental market, festering municipal property tax revenue.

This Rent Control Act along with the security of tenure has not given any motivation or encouragement to the owner of the house for renovation purposes due to which most of the property has a not properly maintained look. Revocation of the Rent Control Act would lead to structural affluent and it will boom the growing need for the housing and other property which may lead to the flourishment of employment opportunities. The prime locations in the city will be used leading towards betterment which results in urban development.

Introduction of the Model Act:

In 1992, all the state has circulated a proposal of model rent control legislation by the Central Government. This model act prescribed some of the modifications in the already existing provisions regarding the inheritance of tenancy and mentioned about their rent limit beyond which this act could not be applied. This act was not very famous because it failed the introduction. Even the New Delhi Rent Control Act that was passed in the year 1997 was based on this act.

This was a failure because the traders were the sitting tenants who resisted this act. All the new Rent Control Acts introduced in various states of India has the requirements for the disagreement among the landlords and tenants. Each of the State Rent Act provides for fixation of Standard Rent as well announcement for ownership and necessities that lay down the gratification of the Court.

Rental Agreement is an essential part of Rental Law:

Rent or lease of any property which may be residential or commercial property in India is subject to strict Indian laws. A mutual contract on the terms and conditions of the rented property by the landlord and the tenant is required. In the present times, rental of commercial space in India as contrasting to retaining commercial real estate is turning out to be an excellent move.

There are no standard lease agreements or contracts and there are very little tenant-friendly laws in the commercial leases subject because of which the legal advice becomes necessary. Negotiating informal decisions and finding the best deals on a commercial lease can be done effectively with the help of a lawyer. The local ordinances and researching zoning laws along with elaborating about the present market conditions and customs of the local real estate can be consulted by a lawyer.

The rental agreement explains the relationship between the tenant and the landlord. This is a legal binding upon the parties involved. In brief, this may have the conditions and obligations relating to the issue. If any changes are made, then it has to be notified in writing.

The rental agreement is a proper legal form that has to be maintained by the sign, date, and the completed form by both the tenant and landlord. There are legal forms for all the rental properties. For rent, lease, and management of residential rental properties. Both the properties will be involved and will access the document once it is signed.

The landlord should get the agreement registered. the the owner should provide the tenant a duplicate copy of the rental agreement, failing that the tenant is not indebted to pay rent till the tenant receives a duplicate of the rental agreement.

For a lease agreement, the terms of the leaseholder (tenant) and also the lease giver (landlord) once they enter into a lease agreement would come with terms just like the period of the lease, deposit sum, and scheduled rentals. The lease giver or the owner ought to make sure the premises come within the right form in recovery.

• There has been no damage to the covering, plumbing, flooring, or electrification and therefore the premises are within the proper condition.
• No major changes have been incorporated within the premises. If the leaseholder has created some changes, that are not acceptable to the lease giver, the latter could raise him to undo the changes.
• All the electricity and telephone charges have been taken care of until the required date by the lessee or tenant at the time of recovery.
• In the case of leasing of equipped premises, the condition of the furnishings is the incorrect condition.

On satisfactory fulfillment of these aspects, the lease giver ought to provide the refund of the protection deposit (if given) to the tenant providing vacant and peaceful possession of the premises.

In an occupancy Agreement, there is a transmission of interest and it creates the non-eviction of the tenant by the owner excepting on the grounds of eviction mentioned under the Rent Act.
Under the Leave and License Agreement transfer of interest takes place on permission and also the same will be terminated as per the terms of the agreement.

The possession will be demanded back from the licensee. The label to the agreement may well be Leave & License or tenancy Agreement, however, it is the intention of the party that counts. Documentation of the commercial lease is additionally a very important Rental Law procedure.

Conclusion:
If these laws are enacted and strictly implemented, there is each chance that additional investors will need to enter the real estate market to utilize the rental fees as financial gain. This is especially true for the commercial sector. The tax laws also need to be studied so that renting of properties becomes a monetarily feasible option. Amendments in the Rent Acts of numerous states are advanced interchange.

Written By: Yazhini

Authentication No: AG023310447908-20-820