I am from Bihar, of course I've been told that I don't look like a Bihari!

I am from Bihar, of course people presume that we can't be fluent in English!

I am from Bihar and no, not every other person from Bihar is illiterate!

When I encountered these prejudices, I had the idea to write this article and look into the underlying causes. Let's now examine the rationale behind these negative preconceptions that Biharis must contend with.

Introduction
Bihar, one of the most historically important and culturally rich states of India, is located in the eastern part of the country and borders Uttar Pradesh to the west, Nepal to the north, West Bengal to the east and Jharkhand to the south. Spread over an area of 94,163 square kilometers, Bihar is a state of contrasts, balancing an ancient heritage with modern developmental challenges and opportunities.

The cultural fabric of Bihar is as rich as its historical heritage. The state is a mosaic of various traditions, languages and festivals. Hindi is the official language, but countless dialects, including Bhojpuri, Maithili and Magahi, are widely spoken, reflecting the linguistic diversity of the state. Festivals like Chhath Puja, Diwali, Holi, Eid and Makar Sankranti are celebrated with great fervor, showing the inclusive and vibrant spirit of the state. Art forms such as Madhubani painting, Sujni embroidery and Sikkimese grass handicrafts are not only an integral part of Bihar's cultural identity but are also the source of livelihood for many artisans.

Bihar has a rich cultural past that dates back thousands of years. It was the heart of the Magadha Empire, where Buddhism and Jainism flourished. Bihar's cultural significance may be seen in sites such as Nalanda University, one of the world's oldest universities, and Bodh Gaya, where Buddha attained enlightenment.

There are numerous notables from Bihar in a variety of professions. The ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata was from Bihar. The Mauryan Empire's strategist, Chanakya, was also originally from the area. With organizations like Patna University and research centers concentrating on various areas, Bihar keeps adding to the academic scene.

Authors like Vidyapati, Phanishwar Nath "Renu," and Ramdhari Singh "Dinkar" have all made major contributions to the rich history of Bihari literature. Their writing enhances India's literary environment by capturing the spirit and subtle cultural differences of the area.

What Went Wrong With Bihar?
Centuries ago, Bihar was not so poor. It was a progressive society. A vibrant center of trade, handicrafts and textile production. In fact, through textile production, it produced the best products (although expensive) that were required in other parts of the world. At the same time, Bihar received the fertile Ganga plain and was a center of knowledge exchange. But slowly and steadily, all the factors responsible for its golden status were destroyed. First by foreign invaders and then by his own people.

With the destruction of the manufacturing industry based on textile arts and crafts, there was a pressure to accumulate resources (general survival instinct) which resulted in a kind of anarchy especially during the British Raj (the zamindari and jagirdari system).

After independence, the Indian authorities launched a community development program in which progressive farmers received the lion's share of government development resources. The motto was to encourage others to develop more and more. But the prevailing mentality of anarchy drove these farmers (who usually belonged to the ruling upper caste) to further increase their influence. This created a sense of betrayal in the other box..

This gave birth to caste politics and then nepotism. Caste groups became increasingly loyal to the caste leader. This unified power structure later became the cause of corruption and somehow justified by the caste group. Politicians knew that the only way to continue this caste politics was low development. Low level of development with changing demographic conditions low level of education, lack of jobs in manufacturing and services, unequal distribution of resources, lack of a sustainable source of income and other factors favor this caste policy. The casteism we see in Bihar is actually quite different from the rest of India.

How Can The Situation Improve?
Improving the state of Bihar, one of the most populous yet economically suffering regions of India, requires a holistic and multifaceted approach. Here are some key development areas and strategic measures needed to promote sustainable development and improve the quality of life of the people of Bihar.

1. Education: Education is the cornerstone of development. Bihar needs to invest heavily in its education infrastructure. Many rural schools lack basic services such as proper classrooms, drinking water, and sanitation. Upgrading of these facilities is essential. In addition, the quality of education can be improved by focusing on teacher training programs. Continuous professional development ensures that teachers receive modern teaching methodology and subject information. To increase the participation of girls in particular, the government should expand schemes such as distribution of bicycles and scholarships. Higher education also requires attention. The establishment of universities, colleges and vocational training centers gives young people the necessary skills to meet the demands of the labor market. In addition, partnership with national and international educational institutions can help bring innovative educational practices to Bihar.
    
2. Healthcare: Health infrastructure in Bihar is inadequate, especially in rural areas. Increasing the number of hospitals and primary health centers is crucial. It is equally important to ensure that these facilities are well stocked with essential drugs and medical supplies. In addition, the government must focus on training and recruiting health workers, including doctors, nurses and paramedics, to address the shortage of medical personnel. Preventive health measures can have a significant impact. Initiatives such as routine immunization, maternal and child health programs and comprehensive health education campaigns focused on hygiene and nutrition can improve overall health outcomes. In addition, the use of technology to implement telemedicine services can provide remote areas with access to quality healthcare.
    
3. Infrastructure: Strong infrastructure is critical to economic growth. Bihar needs to improve its roads and transport networks to improve connectivity. This not only increases business but also makes peripheral areas more accessible. Ensuring reliable electricity supply and clean drinking water throughout the state is imperative, both in urban and rural areas. Investments in renewable energy sources such as solar energy can help achieve this goal in a sustainable way. Digital infrastructure is another important area. Expanding access to the Internet and telecommunications improves connectivity and digital literacy. This can open up new opportunities for education, healthcare, and business, especially in remote areas.
    
4. Economic Development: Agriculture remains the backbone of Bihar's economy. By providing farmers with better access to technology, credit, and markets, agricultural productivity can be improved. Initiatives such as setting up cold storage and food processing units reduce post-harvest losses and increase the value of agricultural products. To diversify the economy, the country should focus on the development of industrial areas and the inclusion of investments in the industrial and service sectors. Encouraging entrepreneurship through easy financing and resources can encourage the growth of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises. Skills development programs tailored to market needs prepare the workforce for diverse job opportunities and further accelerate economic growth.
    
5. Governance: Effective leadership is critical to effecting these changes. By strengthening law and order, a safe environment conducive to development is created. Implementing strict anti-corruption measures and promoting the transparency of the administration's activities increase public confidence and ensure the efficient use of resources. Streamlining public services using digital platforms can reduce redundancies and corruption. In addition, involving local communities in planning and decision-making processes ensures that development initiatives match local needs and are more sustainable.
    

Stereotypes faced by us!
Stereotypes are oversimplified and often prejudicial views of individuals or groups based on characteristics such as ethnicity, nationality or social background. Biharis, residents of the Indian state of Bihar, are often subjected to a number of stereotypes that reflect and perpetuate historical, socio-economic and cultural biases. These stereotypes, although often negative, can have positive aspects, but they always affect the lives and perceptions of Biharis both in India and abroad.

Negative Stereotypes
One of the most common stereotypes about Biharis is the idea of being backward and illiterate. Bihar has historically been one of India's least developed states, struggling with poverty, inadequate infrastructure and a difficult education system. These socio-economic challenges have led to a widespread perception that Biharis are unskilled and backward. This stereotype ignores the significant progress the country has made in recent years in improving literacy and educational outcomes.

Another common stereotype is crime and corruption. Bihar has had its share of political and administrative problems, including periods of increased crime and corruption. This history contributed to the common perception that Biharis are inherently corrupt or criminal. Such a stereotype not only stigmatizes the people of Bihar but also ignores the complexities and socio-political dynamics of state governance.

Biharis are often seen as unskilled workers, especially in urban areas outside Bihar where many migrate for work. This stereotype reduces Biharis to a monolithic group of hardworking workers, ignoring the diverse skills and occupations of many Biharis. The stereotype is perpetuated by the prominent presence of Biharis in certain labor-intensive sectors, but does not take into account the many Biharis who excel in various fields, including academia, business and the arts.

Language and accent also play an important role in stereotyping Biharis. The Bhojpuri accent and Hindi dialect spoken in Bihar is often derided and associated with simplicity or rusticity. This linguistic bias can lead to social exclusion and discrimination in both educational and professional settings, reinforcing the idea that Biharis do not belong in the "warm elite" circles.

Positive Stereotypes
On the other hand, there are positive stereotypes about Biharis that also shape perceptions. Biharis are often considered exceptionally intelligent and academically successful. This stereotype is rooted in the remarkable performance of Bihar students in national competitive exams like IIT-JEE and UPSC civil services exams. Although this stereotype is more flattering, it still relegates Biharis to a narrow view that ignores the range of their contributions in various fields.Another positive stereotype is the perception that Biharis are tough and hardworking.

Despite significant socio-economic challenges, many Biharis show remarkable resilience and a strong work ethic. This stereotype acknowledges the perseverance and determination of Biharis, but also tends to romanticize their struggles without addressing the systemic problems that require such resilience.

Impact Of These Stereotypes
The stereotypes faced in Bihar have deep implications. Negative stereotypes can lead to discrimination in working life, education and social interaction, limit opportunities and reinforce socio-economic disadvantages. For example, a student from Bihar may be judged unfairly based on his accent, or a job seeker may be stereotyped as less qualified because of his origin.Positive stereotypes can also be limiting, even if they seem helpful. They create unrealistic expectations and force people to conform to a certain image of success. Moreover, they often ignore the structural challenges and individual efforts behind the achievements of Biharis.

Breaking The Stereotypes:
Breaking these stereotypes requires a multifaceted approach. Improved education and skill development in Bihar can empower youth and change perceptions over time. A positive media portrayal that highlights the diverse achievements and cultural richness of Bihar is crucial. Grassroots initiatives and policy changes aimed at improving governance, infrastructure and economic opportunities can also play an important role.

Encouraging cultural exchange and tourism can help showcase Bihar's rich heritage, while supporting the Bihar diaspora can act as a powerful counter to prevailing stereotypes. Social media campaigns and digital platforms can reinforce positive narratives and effectively challenge misconceptions.

In conclusion, the stereotypes faced in Bihar are deep rooted but not insurmountable. Joint efforts across sectors can promote a more diverse and equitable understanding of Bihar and its people, paving the way to a society that values diversity and inclusion.