Supriyo@Supriya Chkaarborty & Others v/s Union Of India
In a significant legal development, the Supreme Court has reaffirmed the rights of LGBTQIA+ individuals, marking a decisive victory in the battle for equality and recognition. This ruling stems from a rich legal history, notably including the pivotal Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India case of 2018, which recognized sexual orientation as a fundamental right. Furthermore, landmark decisions such as the NAZ Foundation v. NCTD in 2010 and the Justice KS Puttaswamy (9J) case underscore the judiciary's commitment to upholding the rights and dignity of all individuals, irrespective of sexual orientation.

Central to this legal discourse is the contentious Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which criminalized "intercourse against the order of nature" based on moral principles. However, through progressive legal interpretations, the Supreme Court has debunked archaic notions, emphasizing that LGBTQIA+ individuals are entitled to the full spectrum of constitutional rights, including the right to choose their partners and engage in fulfilling relationships without fear of discrimination.

In light of these legal precedents, the LGBTQIA+ community has rightfully demanded equal recognition under the law, particularly in the realm of marriage. They argue that the exclusion of LGBTQIA+ individuals from the Special Marriage Act (SMA) violates their fundamental rights guaranteed under Articles 14, 15, 19, 21, and 25 of the Constitution. They assert that denying them the right to marry under the SMA not only strips them of their dignity but also perpetuates systemic discrimination.

Moreover, the petitioners advocate for a broader societal shift towards recognizing marriage as a matter of constitutional morality, transcending traditional norms and prejudices. They assert that the SMA, originally enacted to facilitate marriages across religious and caste lines, must evolve to embrace the diversity of modern relationships, including those within the LGBTQIA+ community.

Crucially, the court's ruling affirms the right to a union or relationship for LGBTQIA+ individuals under Article 21, encompassing mental, emotional, and sexual aspects. However, it stops short of mandating legal recognition of such unions, emphasizing that this must be achieved through legislative action rather than judicial fiat.


In examining the societal landscape, it is evident that while legal strides have been made, there remains a disparity between legal recognition and societal acceptance of LGBTQIA+ rights, particularly in the context of marriage. Nevertheless, this landmark verdict represents a significant step towards a more inclusive and equitable society, affirming the rights and dignity of all individuals, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity.