Judiciary is the protector of Fundamental Rights and also the guardian of the Constitution. Judiciary got many powers: one of which is Judicial Review. Judiciary protects Fundamental Right with the help of the Judicial Review. Thia is the power of which the message is interpreted and also protected.

Introduction
Law plays an important role in today's society. In the social contract theory given by Hobbes, people have given up on their right gave them protection against the wrong. In Rule of Law the law without justice can become arbitrary and can misused. So the keep check and balances on the power of each organs of government we have further adopted judicial review is the process by which the court declares those laws which is against the constitution will not be valid

The concept of judicial review originated and developed in the USA. It was firstly propounded in the famous case Marbury V/S Madisons[1] by John Marshall who was the chief justice of American supreme court.

Judicial review is court's power to examine the action of:

• Legislature
• Executive
• Administrative organ of the government

To determine whether such actions are consistent with the constitution & action judged inconsistent are declare unconstitutional & null and void. In other words Judicial review may be defined as court's power to review the action of the branches of government especially the court's power to invalidate legislative and executive action as being unconstitutional.

Under Article 13(2) of the constitution of India, any law made by the parliament that abridges the right conferred to the people under Part 3 of the constitution is void-ab-initio. The power to interpret the constitution of India to its full extent lies within the judiciary. It is protector of the constitution of India.
Justice Syed Shah Mohamed Quadri has classified the judicial review into three categories:

• 1. Judicial review of constitutional amendments.
• 2. Judicial review of legislation is explain the laws which is made by legislature.
• 3. Judicial review of administrative action of the union and state and authorities under the state.^[2]

Meaning
Judicial review is made up of two words JUDICIAL+REVIEW which means "role of judiciary" & "evaluate with analysis".

In Broad Sense: The power of court to pronounce upon constitutionality of legislative acts which comes under their normal jurisdiction to enforce then such as they found them unconstitutional and hence void.

Kinds Of Judicial Review In India
There are the following aspect or types of judicial review in India:

• Review of Legislative action: court reviews the constitution reviews the constitutionality of laws made by legislature.
• Review of Administrative action: court reviews the administrative action and also examine fairness justness and reasonableness of administrative action.
• Review of Judicial action: court reviews its own decision or decision of its subordinate courts.

Constitutional Provisions
There is no direct and express provision in the constitution empowering the courts to invalidate laws, but some constitutional provisions implicitly point towards judicial review. Such as:

• Article 13: Any law which contravenes fundamental rights shall be void.
• Article 13 (2): it provides right constitutional remedies. In their having no rights and being a protector of Fundamental rights.
• Article 32 & 226: The Supreme Court and High Court are the protector and guarantors of the fundamental rights.
• Article 245: Parliament and State Legislature are subject to the constitution.
• Article 251 & 254: In case of inconsistency between union and state laws, the state law shall be void.
• Article 137: The supreme court can review of the pre constitution the legislation.

As the power of the judicial review can be exercised by the Supreme court and High court as well.

Judicial Pronouncement On Judicial Review

• Judicial review is one of the basic structure of Indian constitution [ Indira Nehru Gandhi v/s Raj Narain[3]] Judicial review being an integral part and basic structure of our constitution cannot be any amendment by the parliament. It define in Article 368.
• Judicial review also called the interpretational and observer roles of Indian Judiciary.
• Judicial review falls within the duty of the court in the case of Minerva Mills v/s Union of India[4], it was held that it is the function and duty of the courts to the pronounce upon validity of the law.
• J. R. Coelho v/s State of Tamil Nadu[5],in this case the Supreme Court affirmed that any certain law which is placed in 9th schedule (subject after April 1974) will be open to challenge under the judicial review.

Importance Of Judicial Review

• Judicial review is essential for securing the independence of the Judiciary.
• It protects the rights of the people.
• It works as check on constitutional validity of acts done by legislature and executive.
• It maintains the supremacy of our constitution & also maintains the federal balance.

So, depriving the court of its power of judicial review would be tantamount to making Fundamental Right non-enforceable i.e. A mere adornment as they will become right without remedy.

Problems With Judicial Review

• People in the It limits the functioning of the government.
• It is a serious challenge toward the doctrine of separation of power.
• Repeated interventions of court can diminish the faith of the integrity, equality & efficiency of the government.

Exception Of Judicial Review

• Foreign policy, economic policies, public policies.
• Laws included in 9th schedules before 1974.

Case Laws:

1. Indira Nehru Gandhi v/s Raj Narain[6]:
   In this case, the 39th Amendment clause 4 was challenged as it puts a bar to challenge the election of speaker and prime. It was struck down in this case and the court declared it unconstitutional.
    
2. Minerva mills v/s Union of India[7]:
   In this case, further judicial review was added to the list of basic structure of the constitution along with the balance between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principle.
    
3. I.R. Coelho v/s state of Tamil Nadu[8]:
   In this case the court held that any act inserted in Schedule 9 can be judicially scrutinized but only those enactments which are inserted after 24th April 1973.

Conclusion
Making law is the function and duty of legislature and it is also the duty of legislature to not go beyond the limits fixed by our constitution. If it crosses such limits and makes law, such laws comes under the scrutiny of the of the judiciary. As long as the court has reason to believe a law or bill might be unconstitutional it can intervene and exercise its power of judicial review.

End-Notes:

1. M Laxmikanth, Indian Polity (Sixth Revised Edition), published by McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited
2. 1975
3. 1980
4. AIR 2007 SC 8617
5. AIR 1975 SC 865
6. AIR 1980 SC 1789
7. AIR 2008 SC 861

Award Winning Article Is Written By: Ms.Sarita Yadav

Authentication No: MR445388278707-27-0324