Hate crimes are cruel manifestations of narrow-mindedness and significantly harm both the victim and the group with which they identify. They have an effect on group cohesiveness and social stability. As a result, a robust response is necessary for both individual and community safety.

Hate crimes are separated from other types of crime by the perpetrator's provocation Since the culprit's inspiration is much of the time superfluous to demonstrating the critical components of a wrongdoing, revealing the genuine reason for the crime is seldom completely researched. A criminal justice system that doesn't use the term "hate crime" doesn't acknowledge the motive as a crucial part of the crime, so hate crimes go unnoticed.

Although a number of state laws have been enacted to combat hate crimes, these crimes continue to occur and have a significant impact not only on the community in which they occurred but also on the victim. The damage done by despise violations can be diminished if policing, and judges are appropriately prepared to perceive and address these wrongdoings.

Meaning
Violent or abusive acts against individuals or groups based on their religion, caste, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or other identities are referred to as hate crimes. These crimes frequently involve acts of violence, intimidation, or threats against people or groups that are thought to be different or excluded. The Indian Constitution ensures correspondence and restricts separation on the grounds of religion, race, position, sex, or spot of birth, (Article 14) yet notwithstanding this, disdain wrongdoings stay a tenacious issue in the country.

Examination OF THE Ongoing Regulations Connected with Hate crimes
Hate crime is neither distinct in the Indian lawful system nor could it at any point be effectively diminished to a standard definition because of the heap structures it can take. However, Sections 153A, 153B, 295A, 298, 505(1), and 505(2) of the IPC deal with hate speech, which is defined as "word, spoken or written, that promotes disharmony, hatred, or insults on the basis of religion, ethnicity, culture, region, caste, community, or race," is illegal and punishable.

In Sukumar v. State of Tamil Nadu, it was decided that people are not protected from hate speech on social media platforms because of their freedom of speech and expression. We have freedom of speech and expression under Article 19 of the Indian Constitution, but Article 19 also mentions reasonable restrictions on it.

The Honourable Supreme Court ruled in Babu Rao Patel v. State of Delhi that section 153A of the Indian Penal Code "does not function exclusively within the confines of promotion of enmity solely on grounds of religion but inter alia takes into consideration other motivations such as race, place of birth, caste or community identity, linguistic affiliation" in the case.

On account of Ramji Lal Modi versus Province of UP, High Court saw that:
"the right to speak freely of discourse under Article 19(2) of the Constitution "in light of a legitimate concern for public request" would be substantial provided that the discourse was probably going to make public turmoil, with its association with the problem being general". The court additionally maintained the established legitimacy of area 295A of IPC.

Conclusion
There is no legitimately consensual definition for disdain wrongdoing, but the most famous definition generally acknowledged is that 'A disdain wrongdoing, otherwise called a predisposition wrongdoing, is a criminal offense perpetrated against an individual, property, or society which is roused, in entire or to a limited extent, by the wrongdoer's predisposition against a race, religion, handicap, sexual direction, or identity/public beginning.' It is mostly violent, but there are also other discreet behaviors. In this kind of crime, the person is targeted because he is seen as a representative of the community he thinks he belongs to or is a part of.

In some form or another, this is prevalent in numerous nations worldwide. India is no different. Although other forms of hate crimes are also very much a part of the crimes that are committed, the religious and caste-based forms of it are more prevalent in India. Presently there are no regulation straightforwardly handling disdain wrongdoings completely yet there is sure regulation to manage them like IPC Sec.153, 153-A, 295-A, 298 which manage advancing hostility between two gatherings and disdain discourse individually and doesn't have a different regulation as for crowd lynching.

Written By: Saurabh Dwivedi